Questions About Islamic

Questions About Islamic Aqida
Writer : Sheikh Ahmed Hakmy
Translation : Gamal El-Tawansy

(1) What is the most basic thing an Abd 'worshipper' should do?

The first thing is that they should know why Allah created them. They need to know why He sent Rasul ‘Messengers’ to them. They need to know why He created the Garden and the Fire. They need to know why He will judge and set the Balance for them. They need to know why, on the Day of Judgment, some of them will be most happy while others utterly miserable.

(2) Why did Allah create mankind ?
Allah said: “We created not the heavens, the earth, and all between them, Merely in (idle) sport: We created them not except for just ends: but most of them do not know.” 44:38-39
And He said: “Not without purpose did We create heaven and earth and all between! That were the thought of Unbelievers! But woe to the Unbelievers because of the Fire (of Hell)!” 38:27
And He said: “Allah created the heavens and the earth for just ends, and in order that each soul may find the recompense of what it has earned, and none of them shall be wronged.” 45:22

And He said: “I have only created Jinns and men, that they may serve Me.” 51:56

(3) What does "Abd" p. "Ibad" mean?
Abd has two meanings:

(a) A slave, who is under the power of his master. In this sense all created things, animals and people are slaves to their Creator because each and everyone of them is under His power.
(b) A worshipper, a person who worships his Creator in love and humility. In this sense it refers only to the true believers who are the most highly esteemed Ibad, and the nearest to Him. Those for whom there is no fear and who have no cause whatsoever for sadness.

(4) What is Ibadah?
It is a collective de******ion for everything that Allah loves and accepts, be it an act or word whether seen or unseen. It also means denial of anything that contradicts the above.

(5) When can an act be deemed Ibadah?
If it fulfills two conditions: complete love and complete humility.
Allah said: “But those of Faith are overflowing in their love for Allah.” 2:165
And He Said: “Verily those who live in awe for fear of their Lord” 23:57
Both components are combined in the next Ayah ‘verse’:
Allah said: “These (three) were ever quick in doing in good works: they used to call on Us in yearning and awe. And humble themselves before Us.” 21:90

(6) How can the Abd know that he loves Allah?
The Abd can know this when he loves what Allah loves and hates what He hates, when he obeys His commands and avoids His prohibitions, when he befriends his allies and fights His foes. Therefore the strongest bond among a people has been love as well as hate for the sake of Allah.

(7) How can the Ibad know what pleases Allah and is acceptable to Him?
They know this through the Rusul ‘Messengers’ Allah sent to them, through the books he sent down to them commanding what pleases Him and is acceptable to Him and prohibiting what displeases him and is unacceptable to Him. Thus mankind may put forward no excuse of ignorance on the Day of Judgment.
Allah said: “Messengers who give good news as well as warnings, that mankind, after (the coming) of the messengers , should have no plea against Allah.” 4:165
And He said: “Say: If you do love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you and forgive you your sins: for Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.” 3:31

(8) How can Ibadah ‘worship’ be acceptable?
It has to have three things:
First, it has to come out of true willingness from the Abd.
Second, it should be done with real devotion.
Third, it should conform to the Shariah that Allah commanded should be the only way to follow.

(9) What is the meaning of true willingness?
It is leaving laziness and exerting effort to have one’s words conforming to one’s deeds.
Allah said: “Oh ye who believe! Why do ye say that which ye do not do. Grievously hateful is it in the sight of Allah that ye say that which ye do not do.” 61:2-3

(10) What is the meaning of real devotion?
It means that what the Abd wants with his intentions, words and deeds whether seen or unseen should be directed for the sake of Allah

Allah said: “And they have been commanded no more than this: to worship Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, being True (in faith)” 98:5

And He said: “And have in their minds no favor for anyone for which a reward is expected in return. But only the desire to seek the Countenance of their Lord Most High.” 92:19-20

And He said: “(Saying), “We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: No reward do we desire from you, nor thanks.” 76:9

And He said: “To any that desires the harvest of the Hereafter, We give increase in his tilth; and to any that desires the tilth of this world, We grant somewhat thereof, But he has no share or lot in the Hereafter.” 42:20

(11) What is the Shariah that Allah commanded to be the only way to follow?

It is Hanifeyyah, the religion of Ibraheem ‘Abraham’ (A.S.)
Allah said: “The Religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His Will).” 3:19

And He said: “Do they seek for other than the religion of Allah? – While all creatures in the heavens and on earth have, willing or unwilling, bowed to His Will (accepted Islam).” 3:83

And He said: “And who turns away from the religion of Abraham but such as debase their souls with folly” 2:130

And He said: “If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah) never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost.” 3:85

And He said: “What! Have they partners (in godhead), who have established for them religion without the permission of Allah?” 42:21


(12) What are the Marateb ‘ranks’ of Islam as a religion?

Three; Islam, Iman and Ihsan. Each of them includes the Deen ‘Religion’ in its entirety.


(13) What is the meaning of Islam?

It means succumbing to Allah in Tawhid. It means following Him in obedience. It means devotion to Him by associating no partners to Him.
Allah said: “Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah.” 4:125

And He said: “And whoever succumbs his whole self to Allah and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the firmest hand-hold.” 31:22

And He said: “But your God is one God. Submit then your wills to Him and give thou the good news to those who humble themselves.” 22:34


(14) What is the evidence that it is comprehensive of all religion?

Allah said: ”The Religion before Allah is Islam (Submission to His Will).” 3:19

The Prophet (S) said: “Islam started as a stranger and it will become a stranger again as it had started.” And he said: “The best part of Islam is faith in Allah.”

(15) What is the evidence that it has defined the five pillars in detail?

The Prophet said in his Hadeeth when Jibreel asked him concerning Deen ‘Religion’ : “Islam means that you should declare that there is no other God but Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah, that you should establish Salah and that you should give Zakah, that you should perform Saum of the month of Ramadhan and that you should perform Hajj if you can”


(16) How important are the two declarations of faith in Islam?

The Abd will not enter Islam without them.

Allah said: “Only those are believers who believe in Allah and His Messenger.” 24, 62 and 49:15

And the Prophet said: “I was commanded to fight people till they declare that: ‘There is no God but Allah and that Muhammad is his Abd ‘servant and Messenger.’ ”


(17) What evidence is there for the declaration that “There is no other god but Allah”?

Allah said: “There is no god but He: that is the witness of Allah, His angels, and those endowed with knowledge standing firm on justice. There is no god but He, the Exalted in Power, The Wise.” 3:18

And He said: “Know, therefore, that there is no god except Allah.” 47:19

And He said: “There is no god except Allah.” 3:62

And He said: “No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him.” 23:91

And He said: “Say: if there had been (other) gods with Him, as they say, behold, they would certainly have sought out a way in submitting to the Lord of the throne.” 17:42


(18) What is the meaning of the declaration that “There is no other god but Allah”?

It means that no other being but Allah deserves Ibadah ‘worship’ and that it is deserved only by Allah with no associate as He has no associate in his power and ownership of the world.

Allah said: “This because Allah – He is the Reality; and those beside Him whom they invoke, - they are but vain Falsehood: Verily Allah is He, Most High, Most Great.” 22:62


(19) What conditions must be present for one who utters the Shahada ‘declaration of faith’ for it to benefit him or her?


There are seven conditions.

First, knowledge that is understanding of its meaning.

Second, certainty, that is the heart should be fully convinced of it.

Third, Inqiyad ‘Submission’ that is following it in word and deed.

Fourth, accepting it as a whole. That is not rejecting any part of it.

Fifth, faith and devotion to it.

Sixth, Sidq ‘Truthfulness’ that is, being true to it from the depth of one’s heart not by mere utterance.

Seventh, Mahaba ‘Love’ for it and for people who believe in it, Mualah and Muadah, ‘alliance and enmity’ that is, aiding those who love it and fighting those who fight them.

(20) What evidence supports the condition of knowledge in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Only he who bears witness to the Truth, and with full knowledge” 43-86

bearing witness to the truth means making the declaration of faith knowing the meaning in their hearts of what they uttered with their tongues.

The Prophet (S) said: “He who dies knowing that there is no god but Allah, enters Heaven

(21) What evidence supports the condition of Yaqin ‘certainty’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “only those are believers who have believed in Allah and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , and have never since doubted, but have striven with their belongings and their persons in the Case of Allah: such are the sincere ones.” 49-15

The Prophet (S) said: “I bear witness that there is no other god but Allah and that I am the Rasul ‘Messenger’ of Allah: No Abd will meet Allah with this declaration, having no doubt in them but will enter Heaven.”

And He said to Abu Hurairah: “Whoever you find behind this wall bearing witness that there is no other god but Allah certain of it in their hearts, give them the glad tidings that they will enter paradise.”


(22) What evidence supports the condition of Inqiyad ‘Submission’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Whoever submits his whole self to Allah, and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the firmest hand-hold” 31-22

The Prophet (S) said: “None of you is a believer until his inclinations follow what has been revealed to me.”


(23) What evidence supports the condition of Qabul ‘acceptance ‘ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said concerning those who reject it: “Bring ye up”, it shall be said, “the wrong-doers and their wives, and the things they worshipped besides Allah, and lead them to the way to the (Fierce) Fire! But stop them, for they must be asked: ‘What is the matter with you that ye help not each other?’ Nay, but that day they shall submit (to Judgment); and they will turn to one another, and question one another. They will say: “It was ye who used to come to from the right hand.” They will reply: “Nay, ye yourselves had no faith! “Nor had we any authority over you. Nay, it was ye who were a people in obstinate rebellion! “So now has been proved true, against us, the word of our Lord that we shall indeed (have to) taste (the punishment of our sins): “We led you astray: for truly we were ourselves astray.” Truly, that Day, they will (all) share in the Chastisement. Verily that is how We shall deal with Sinners. For they, when they were told that there is no god except Allah, would puff themselves up with pride, and say: “What! Shall we give up our gods for the sake of a poet possessed?” 37:22-36


The Prophet (S) said: “The similitude of what Allah has sent me with of Guidance and Knowledge is that of a lot of rain that reached some land, some parts of that land was pure and accepted the rain and give out plenty of grass, some other parts were barren and held the water but give out no grass, still the water held was beneficial to people that they drank and give water to their animals and irrigated their crops. A third part of land got the rain that was sandy so neither kept the water nor gave out grass. These are the similitude of those who understand well the Deen ‘Religion’ ‘religion’ of Allah, benefit from it and thus learnt and taught others. And the similitude of those who have not learnt from it and rejected the Guidance I was sent with.”


(24) What evidence supports the condition of Ikhlaas ‘Sincere devotion’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Is it not to Allah the sincere devotion is due?” 39:3

Allah said: “So serve Allah, offering Him sincere devotion” 39:2

The Prophet (S) said: “The happiest people with my intercession are those who say there is no god but Allah with sincere devotion in their hearts.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Allah has forbidden the Fire to touch whoever says “there is no god but Allah” saying it for the sake of Allah.”


(25) What evidence supports the condition of Sidq ‘truthfulness’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Do men think that will be left alone on saying, “We believe”, and that they will not be tested? We did test those before them, and Allah will certainly know those who are true from those who are false” 29:2-3

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever bears witness that “there is no god but Allah and that Mohammad is His Rasul ‘Messenger’ saying it truthfully in his heart, Allah will forbid Fire to touch him”

About the desert man whom the Prophet taught the requirements of Islam when the latter said (I will neither add to nor diminish from them). The Prophet (S) said: “He is successful if he is truthful.”


(26) What evidence supports the condition of Mahaba ‘Love’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?


Allah said: “O ye who believe? If any from among you turn back from his faith, soon will Allah produce a people whom He will love as they will love Him” 5-54

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever has these three things will taste the sweetness of faith: first that Allah and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ be more loved by him than any other. Second that his love for any other person is only for the sake of Allah. Third, that he hates to revert to Kufr ‘disbelief’, after Allah has rescued him from it, as he hates to be thrown into the fire.”


(27) What evidence supports the condition of Mualah and Muadah ‘alliance and enmity’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship and protection) is of them. Verily Allah guides not a people unjust. Those in whose hearts is a disease – thou seest how eagerly they run about amongst them, saying: “We do fear lest a change of fortune bring us disaster.” Ah! Perhaps Allah will give (thee) victory, or a decision from Him then will they regret of the thoughts which they secretly harbored in their hearts. And those who believe will say: “Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah, that they were with you? All that they do will be in vain, and they will fall into (nothing but) ruin. O ye who believe? If any from among you turn back from his faith, soon will Allah produce a people whom He will love as they will love Him, - Lowly with the Believers, mighty against the Rejecters, fighting in the Way of Allah, and never afraid of the reproaches of such as find fault. That is the Grace of Allah which He will bestow on whom He pleases. And Allah encompasses all, and He knows all things. Your (real) friends are (no less than) Allah, His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , and the Believers, - those who establish regular prayers and pay Zakat and they bow down humbly (in worship).” 5:51-55

Allah said: “O ye who believe? Take not for protectors your fathers and your brothers if they love infidelity above Faith: If any of you do so, they do wrong. Say: If it be that your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your mates, or your kindred: the wealth that ye have gained; the commerce in which ye fear a decline: or the dwellings in which ye delight- are dearer to you than Allah or His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , or the striving in His Case;- then wait until Allah brings about His Decision: and Allah guides not the rebellious.” 9:23,24

Allah said: “Thou wilt not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, loving those who oppose Allah and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , even though they were their fathers and their sons, or their brothers, or their kindred. For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with a spirit from Himself. And he will admit them to Gardens beneath which Rivers flow, to dwell therein (forever). Allah will be well pleased with them, and they with Him. They are the Party of Allah. Truly it is the Party of Allah that will achieve success.” 58:22,

See also 60:1-13


(28) What evidence supports the condition of Shahada ‘declaration’ that “Muhammad is His Prophet” in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Allah did confer a great favor on the Believers when He sent among them a Rasul ‘Messenger’ from among themselves, rehearsing unto them the Signs of Allah, purifying them, and instructing them in ******ure and Wisdom, while, before that, they had been in manifest error.” 3:164

"Now hath come unto you a Rasul ‘Messenger’ from amongst yourselves: it grieves him that ye should suffer, ardently anxious is he over you: to the Believers is he most kind and merciful.” 9:128

Allah said: “When the Hypocrites come to thee, they say, “We bear witness that thou art indeed the Rasul ‘Messenger’ of Allah.” Yea, Allah knows that thou art indeed His Rasul ‘Messenger’ . And Allah bears witness that the Hypocrites are indeed liars.” 63:1

As well as other Ayas ‘Verses’


(29) What is the meaning of Shahada ‘declaration’ that “Muhammad (S) is His Rasul ‘Messenger’”?

It is utter belief from the bottom of the heart that goes hand in hand with the utterance of the tongue that Muhammad is His Abd ‘servant’ and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ sent to all the peoples, humans and Jinns.

Allah said: “O Prophet! Truly we have sent thee as a Witness, a Bearer of Glad Tidings, and a Warner,- and as one who invites to Allah’s (Grace) by His leave, and as a Lamp spreading Light.” 33:45,46

Thus it is a must to believe all that he said be that stories of what had happened before, or news of what will happen after, to believe what he declared lawful and what he made forbidden, to follow all his commands and shy away from and give up all that he prohibited, to follow his Shariah ‘the laws he brought’ and follow his Sunnah ‘the way he behaved’ secretly as well as openly, and to accept his judgment and submit to it.

To believe that obeying him is obeying Allah and that disobeying him is disobeying Allah, because he is the one who delivers His message, and God did not let him die till he had completed His Deen ‘Religion’ ‘Religion’ and made Al-Balagh al-Mubin ‘the most clear delivery of the News’ That he has left his Ummah (people who follow him) on the white way whose night is as clear as its day and that whoever leaves it perishes. More of these will be discusses later In shaa Allah, ‘Allah willing’.


(30) What are the conditions for the Shahada ‘declaration’ that “Muhammad is His Prophet”? And can the first Shahada ‘declaration’ be acceptable without the second?

We have already clarified that an Abd ‘servant’ cannot enter this Deen ‘Religion’ except through these two Shahadas ‘declarations’ and that they must go together. The conditions for the first are the same for the second and vice versa

(31) What evidence supports Salah and Zakah?
Allah said: “But if they repent, and establish regular prayers, and pay Zakat, then open the way for them: For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.” 9:5

And He said: "But (even so), if they repent and establish regular prayers, and pay Zakat, they are your brethren in Faith; (Thus) do we explain the signs in details, for those who understand." 9:11

Allah said: “And they have been commanded no more than this: to worship Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, Being True (in faith); to establish regular prayers; and to give Zakat;“ 98:5


(32) What evidence supports Saum?
Allah said: “O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you” 2:183

Allah said: “Who is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting.” 2:185

In the Hadeeth with a’rabi ‘the desert man’ who said: “Tell me what Allah has prescribed to me of fasting!” The Prophet (S) said: “The month of Ramadhan only. Whatever else is voluntary.”


(33) What evidence supports Hajj?
Allah said: “And complete the Hajj or ‘Umrah in the service of Allah” 2:196

Allah said: “Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah, those who can afford the journey.” 3:97

The Prophet (S) said: “Allah has prescribed Hajj to you.”
As well as many other Hadeeths


(34) What is the sentence given to one who denies one of the pillars of Islam, or one who believes in them yet disdains to abide by them?
He should be called as a "Kafir".

(35) What is the sentence given to one who believes in them Then does not fulfill them because of laziness or because of difference in interpretation?
As for prayers; whoever delays to pray them at their appointed times for such reasons, he is to be ordered to return to faith if he refused he should be killed as Hadd ‘Islamic Capital Punishment’ as

Allah said: “But if they repent, and establish regular prayers, and pay Zakat, then open the way for them: For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.” 9:5

As for Zakat, if the person refusing to pay it is of no political clout, the Imam ‘Muslim leader’ should take it from him by force and punish him with a fine.

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever refuses to pay Zakat, we shall force him to pay it in addition of half of his wealth.”

If they were a group who have political or military power, the Imam should fight them till they pay it. As per the Ayas ‘verses’ and the Hadeeths mentioned above. Abu Baker and the Sahaba (R.A.) did the same.

As for fasting, nothing has been mentioned concerning it. However the Imam or his deputy should reprimand him to straighten him and those like him.

As for Hajj, it should be done once in a life time, hence a servant can do it any time during his or her life time and it would only be too late if a person died. It is better, therefore to do it as early as possible. Punishment in the hereafter has been promised for those who neglect it. However no special punishment in this life has been specified for neglecting it

(36) What is Iman ‘faith’?
Iman ‘Faith’ is done both by word and deed. Words uttered by the tongue and in the heart, and the deed of the tongue, the heart and the rest of the body. It increases by obedience to Allah, and decreases by disobedience to Allah. And those who have faith do so in varying degrees.


(37) What evidence supports that Iman is both in word and in deed?
Allah said: “But Allah has endeared the Faith to you, and has made it beautiful in your hearts.” 49:7

Allah said: “So believe in Allah and his Messenger” 7:158

This is the meaning of the two Shahadas ‘declaration of Faith’ which a ‘abd cannot enter the Deen except through them. They are deeds of the heart in terms of belief and of the tongue as utterance, and are of no use unless both heart and tongue collaborate.

Allah said: “And never would Allah make your Faith of no effect” 2:143

It means that your prayers in the direction of Jerusalem, before Kiblah "Direction in prayer" was changed. Here he calls Salah "Prayers" an act of Faith. It combines the work of the heart the tongue and the rest of the body. The Prophet (s) has made Jihad "Striving in the way of Allah" and praying through Lailatul Qadr "Night of Power", the fasting of Ramadhan and praying during its nights, as well as the five daily prayers, and so on, acts of faith.

The Prophet (S) was asked: “which deeds are better?” And he said: “Iman in Allah and His Messenger.”


(38) What evidence supports that Iman could increase or decrease?
Allah said: “That they may add Faith to their Faith” 48:4

Allah said: "And We increased them in guidance" 18:13

Allah said: “And Allah does increase in guidance those who seek Guidance” 19:76

Allah said: “But to those who receive Guidance, He increases their guidance” 47:17

Allah said: “And the Believers may increase in Faith.” 74:31

Allah said: “Yea, those who believe, - there faith is increased.” 9:124

Allah said: “Those to whom men said: “a great army is gathering against you, so fear them” but it (only increased their Faith.” 3:173

Allah said: “It only added to their faith and their zeal in obedience” 33:22

As well as other Ayas.

The Prophet (S) said: “If you were where ever you are as when with me, angels would shake hands with you.”


(39) What evidence supports that people of Iman are different in their levels of Iman?
Allah said: “And those Foremost (in Faith) will be Foremost (in the Hereafter). These will be those nearest to Allah: in Gardens of Bliss: a number f people from those of old, and a few from those of later times. (They will be) on couches encrusted (with gold and precious stones), reclining on them, facing each other. Round about them will (serve) youths of perpetual (freshness), with goblets, (shining) beakers, and cups (filled) out of clear-flowing fountains: no after-ache will they receive therefrom, nor will they suffer intoxication: and with fruits, any that they may select; and the flesh of fowls, any that they desire. And (there will be) companions with beautiful, big, and lustrous eyes,-like unto Pearls well-guarded. A reward of the deeds of their past (life). No frivolity will they hear therein, nor any mischief,- only the Saying, “Peace! Peace.” The Companions of the Right Hand, What will be the Companions of the Right Hand!” 56:10-27

Allah said: “Thus, then, if he be of those nearest to Allah, (there is for him) Rest and Satisfaction, a Garden of Delights. And if he be of the Companions of the Right Hand, (for him is the salutation), “Peace be unto thee,” from the Companions of the Right Hand.” 56:88-91

Allah said: “But there are among them some who wrong their own Souls; some who follow a middle course; and some who are, by Allah’s leave, foremost in good deeds.” 35:32

The Prophet (S) (in Hadeeth Al-Shafaa) said: “Allah takes out of the Fire whoever had worth of a dinar of Faith in his heart. Then whoever had worth of a half a dinar of Faith in his heart.”
The Prophet (S) said: “He will get out of Fire whoever says there is no god but Allah and who has even as little goodness in his heart as the weight of Shariah. Then he will get out of Fire whoever says there is no god but Allah and who has even as little goodness in his heart as the weight of Burrah. Then he will get out of Fire whoever says there is no god but Allah and who has even as little goodness in his heart as the weight of a Zarrah.”

(40) What evidence supports that Iman is comprehensive of the whole religion?
The Prophet (S) said: “I command you to have Iman In Allah Alone!’ he said: “Do you know what is Iman in Allah alone?” they said: “Allah and His Messenger know better.” He said: “Shahada, that Allah there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger, establishment of regular prayers, payment of Zakat, and to give up one fifth of what you get as war spoils.”


(41) What evidence supports that Iman is defined as faith in six parts?
When Jibreel (A .S.) said to the Prophet (S): “Tell me about Faith!” The Prophet (S) said: “That you should believe in Allah and His Angels, and His Books, and His Messengers, and The Last Day, and to believe in Fate whether good or evil.”


(42) What Ayah ‘verse’ supports them all from the Quran?
Allah said: “It is not righteousness that ye turn our faces towards East or West; but is righteousness – to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers.” 2:177

Allah said: “Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure.” 54:49

We shall mention the evidence for each of the above separately. In Shaa Allah.


(43) What is the meaning of Iman ‘faith’?
It is irrefutable belief from the very depth of the heart that He exists. That His existence has never been preceded by any and has never been succeeded by any. Because He is the First with nothing before Him and the Last with nothing after Him. And the Most high with nothing above Him and the ------- Ever living, ever needed, One, Strong.

Allah said: “He begets not, nor is He begotten; and there is none like unto Him” 112:3,4

Belief in His oneness as God and as Lord and with His Names and His Attributes.

(44) What is Tawheed of Ilaheyyah?
It is giving Allah alone all kinds of Ibadah ‘worship’ whether done in public or in private in words and deeds as well as denying Ibadah to any other but Allah, whoever that maybe.

Allah Said: "Thy Lord has decreed that ye worship none but Him" 17:23

And said: "Serve Allah, and joing not any partners with Him" 4:36

And said: "Verily, I am Allah: there is no god but I: so serve thou me (only), and establish regular prayer for My remembrance" 20:14

As well as other Ayas ‘Verses’ as mentioned above under Shahada


(45) What is the opposite of Tawheed of Ilaheyyah?
Its opposite is Shirk ‘Association of other gods with Allah’ and is of two types: A bigger Shirk which is the absolute opposite and
A lesser Shirk, which is opposite to it in terms of completeness.

(46) What is the bigger Shirk?
It is when a ‘abd takes a partner besides Allah making him equal to the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds, loving him as he loves Allah and fears him as he fears Allah, turning to him and calling upon him, fearing him and supplicating to him, wanting him and depending on him or obey him in disobeying Allah or to follow him in what displeases Allah, etc.

Allah said: “Allah forgives not that partners should be se up with Him; but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set up partners with Allah is to devise a sin most heinous indeed” 4:48
Allah said: “One who joins other gods with Allah, has strayed far, far away (from the Right)” 4:116

Allah said: “Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the Garden, and the Fire will be his abode” 5:72

Allah said: "If anyone assigns partners to Allah, he is as if he had fallen from heaven and been snatched up by birds, or the wind had swooped (like a bird on its prey) and thrown him into a far-distant place" 22:31

As well as other Ayas ‘verses’

The Prophet (S) said: “The right of Allah over Ibad ‘servants’ that they worship Him and associate no partners to Him. And the right of Ibad ‘servants’ on Allah is that whoever does not associate anything with Him should not be reproached.”

In this kind of shirk it is equal whether to make it public like the Kafirs of Quraish or to make it secret like the Munafiqs ‘Hypocrites’ of Madinah who acted publicly as Muslims but secretly were Kafirs.

Allah said: “The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper wilt thou find for them;- except for those who repent, mend (their life), hold fast to Allah, and make their religious devotion sincere to Allah: if so they will be (numbered) with the Believers.” 4:145-146

As well as other Ayas ‘Verses’


(47) What is the lesser Shirk?
It is when the deed done for the sake of Allah is tarnished with a little Ar-Riyaa ‘Showing off or wanting others to see how good one is’

Allah said: “Say: I am but a man like yourselves, (but) the inspiration has come to me, that your God is One God: whoever accepts to his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner ” 18:110

The Prophet (S) said: “The most I fear for you is the lesser Shirk.” They asked him what it was and he said: “Ar-Riyaa ‘Showing off or wanting others to see how good one is’ “ Then he explained: “A man may stand for prayer and make his Salah very good when he sees others watching him.”

Also taking an oath in the name of any other than Allah such as saying: By my father etc.

The Prophet (S) said: “Do not take an oath by your fathers nor your mothers nor by your peers.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Do not say: By the Ka’aba but say: By the Lord of Ka’aba”

The Prophet (S) said: “Never take an oath except by Allah.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever takes an oath saying: “By honesty.” Is none of mine.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever takes an oath by other than Allah, is a Kafir ‘disbeliever’ or Mushrik. ‘associator’ ”

When a man said to the Prophet: “What Allah wills and what you will.” The Prophet (S) said: “Have you made me an equal to Allah? Say: What Allah Alone wills.”

Such forbidden phrases include:

“I have no one but Allah and you”

“I seek Allah’s help and yours” etc.

The Prophet (S) said: “Never say: What Allah wills and what such and such wills. But say: What Allah wills then what such and such wills.”

The Scholars said: it is permissible to say "Except for Allah then such and such". However it is not permissible to say: "Except for Allah and such and such".

(48) What is the difference between ‘waw’ (and) and ‘thumma’ (then) in the following utterances?
Using and makes them peers and equals to Allah. Thus when one says: What Allah wills and you will, has made Allah’s will and a servant’s will equal. Unlike using ‘then’ which denotes coming after. Thus when one says: What Allah wills and then what you will, has pointed out that the will of a servant is subservient to the will of Allah.

Allah said: “But ye shall not will except as Allah wills; for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom” 76:30

Allah said: “But ye shall not will except as Allah wills, - the Cherisher of the Worlds” 81:29

And so on



(49) What is Tawheed of Rububeyyah?
It is the firm belief that Allah is the Lord of everything and their King and their Creator and the One who directs and controls them. That He has no partner in His Domain and has no protector from humiliation and that no one can stop His command. And that no one can question his sentence. And that no one can oppose Him. And that no one is equal to Him. And that no one has a name like His. And that no one shares any of the attributes of His Lordship or the meanings of His names and attributes.

Allah said: “Praise be to Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and made the Darkness and the Light” 6:1

The Above Ayas, in fact, the whole Sura.

Allah said: “Praise be to Allah the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds.” 1:2

Allah said: "Say: "Who is the Lord and Sustainer of the heavens and the earth?" Say: "(It is) Allah." Say: "Do ye then take (for worship) protectors other than Him, such as have no power wither for good or for harm to themselves?" say: "Are the blind equal with those who see? Or the depths of darkness equal with Light?" Or do they assign to Allah partners who have created seemed to them similar? say: "Allah is the Creator of all things: He is the One, the Supreme and Irresistible."" 13:16

Allah said: “It is Allah Who has created you: further, He has provided for your sustenance; then He will cause you to die; and again He will give you life. Are there any of your (false) ‘partners’ who can do any single one of these things? Glory to Him! and High is He above the partners they attribute (to Him)!” 30:40

Allah said: “Such is the Creation of Allah: Now show Me what is there that others besides Him have created!” 31:11

Allah said: “Were they created of nothing, or were they themselves the creators?” 52:35-36

Allah said: “Lord of the heavens and of the earth, and of all that is between them: so worship Him, and be constant and patient in His worship: Knowest thou of any who is worthy of the same Name as He?” 19:65

Allah said: “There is nothing whatever like unto Him, and He is the One that hears and sees” 42:11

Allah said: “Say: “Praise be to Allah, Who begets no son, and has no partner in (His) domination: nor (needs) He any to protect Him from humiliation: Yea, magnify Him for His Greatness and Glory.” 17:111

Allah said: “Say: “Call upon other (gods) whom ye fancy, besides Allah: they have no Power,- not the weight of an atom,- in the heavens or on earth: No (sort of) share have they therein, nor is any of them a helper to Allah. No intercession can avail with Him, except for those for whom He has granted permission. So far (is this the case) that, when terror is removed from there hearts (at the Day of Judgment, then) will they say, ‘that which is true and just; and He is the Most High, Most Great’ ” 34:22-23


(50) What is opposite of Tawheed of Rububeyyah?
It is when one believes that there is another who dispatches commands besides Allah concerning anything pertaining to the universe whether in creating or annihilating, giving life or death, sending good or fending evil, or any other that pertains to Lordship. Or the belief that there is another who is an associate who shares in any of His names and attributes; such as knowing the unseen, or greatness or arrogance and such like.

Allah said: “What Allah out of His Mercy does bestow on mankind none can withhold: What He does withhold, none can grant, apart from Him: and He is the Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom. O men! Remember the grace of Allah unto you! Is there a creator, other than Allah, to give you sustenance from heaven or earth?” 35:2,3

Allah said: “If Allah do touch thee with hurt, there is none can remove it but He: If He do design some benefit for thee, there is none can keep back His favor.” 10:107

Allah said: “Say: “See ye then? The things that ye invoke besides Allah,- Can they, if Allah wills some affliction for me, remove His affliction or if He wills some Mercy for me, can they keep back His Mercy?” Say: “Sufficient is Allah for me! In Him trust those who put their trust.” 39:38

Allah said: "With Him are the keys of the Unseen, the treasures that none knowes but Him" 6:59


Allah said: “Say: None in the heavens or on earth, except Allah, knows what is hidden” 27:65

Allah said: “Nor shall they compass aught of His Knowledge except as He wills.” 2:255

The Prophet (S) said: “Allah says: Greatness is one of my garments, Arrogance is my other garment. Whoever tries to share either of them I make him dwell in my Fire.”


(51) What is the meaning of “Unity of Names and Attributes”?
It is belief in what Allah has attributed to Himself in His Book. And what the Prophet (S) described Him with. These attributes are the Most Beautiful Names of Allah and the Highest Attributes. And to believe in such without having to ask how? As Allah combined belief in them and not describing how they are in several Ayas ‘verses’.

Allah said: “He knows what is before or after or behind them: but they shall comprehend Him not” 20:110

Allah said: “There is nothing whatever like unto Him, and He is the One that hears and sees” 42:11

Allah said: “No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision; He is Subtle Well-aware” 6:103

As well as other Ayas ‘verses’
When the Prophet (S) he mentioned the infidels’ gods, They said to him: “Tell us the linage of your Lord God!” Allah revealed the following Ayas ‘verses’

Allah said: “Say: He is Allah, the One; Allah the Eternal, Absolute. He begets not, nor is He begotten” 112:1-3

As anything that is born must die, and nothing that dies but is inherited, Allah, however, neither dies, nor is inherited.

Allah said: “And there is none like unto Him” 112:4

The prophet (S) said: “He has no similar or equal and there is noting like unto Him”


(52) What evidence is there for the most beautiful names of Allah in the Quran and Hadeeth?
Allah said: “The Most Beautiful Names belong to Allah: So call on Him by them; but shun such men as distort His names” 7:180

Allah said: “Say: “Call upon Allah, or call upon Rahman: by whatever name ye call upon Him, (it is well): for to Him belong the Most Beautiful Names” 17:110

Allah said: “Allah! There is no god but Him! To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names” 20:8

And other Ayas ‘verses’

The prophet (S) said: “Allah has 99 Names. Whoever knows all of them will enter the Garden.”

The prophet (S) said: “I ask you Allah by every Name that belongs to you, whether You attributed to Yourself, revealed in Your Book, taught to anyone of Your creatures, or kept with You and made unknown to others, to make the Great Quran the spring of my heart